2

Set 3: Central Ideas (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

The following text discusses String Theory. String theory is a theoretical framework in physics that attempts to reconcile general relativity (gravity) and quantum mechanics. It posits that the fundamental constituents of the universe are not point-like particles, but one-dimensional 'strings' that vibrate at specific frequencies. These vibrations correspond to different particles, like electrons or quarks. To be mathematically consistent, string theory requires the existence of extra spatial dimensions beyond the three we observe, typically curled up so tightly they remain undetectable.

What fundamental change does string theory propose regarding the basic building blocks of the universe?

A. They are made of pure energy without mass✓ Correct
B. They are one-dimensional vibrating strings rather than point-like particles
C. They only exist when observed by a conscious mind
D. They are actually tiny black holes

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. The text explicitly states: 'fundamental constituents... are not point-like particles, but one-dimensional 'strings'.'

Key Evidence:

• "not point-like particles"

• "one-dimensional 'strings'"

Why others are wrong: A (Inaccurate), C (Inaccurate), D (Inaccurate).

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