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Set 2: Inferences (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The Columbian Exchange—the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following 1492—transformed both hemispheres. Potatoes and tomatoes revolutionized European cuisine, while horses fundamentally changed Indigenous American cultures. However, European diseases like smallpox devastated Native American populations.

What does the passage suggest about the effects of the Columbian Exchange?

A. It exclusively benefited European societies.
B. Its effects were multidirectional but unequal in their consequences.✓ Correct
C. Native Americans were unaffected by European contact.
D. The exchange only involved food items.

Detailed Explanation

Both hemispheres transformed, but devastation (disease) hit one side harder—multidirectional but unequal.

Key Evidence:

• "transformed both hemispheres"

• "devastated Native American populations"

Why others are wrong: A (Horses helped Indigenous peoples too.), C (Smallpox 'devastated' them.), D (Animals and diseases were also exchanged.).

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