Set 2: Inferences (Intermediate)
Explanation
PASSAGE
The Columbian Exchange—the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following 1492—transformed both hemispheres. Potatoes and tomatoes revolutionized European cuisine, while horses fundamentally changed Indigenous American cultures. However, European diseases like smallpox devastated Native American populations.
What does the passage suggest about the effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. Both hemispheres transformed, but devastation (disease) hit one side harder—multidirectional but unequal. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
• "transformed both hemispheres"
• "devastated Native American populations"
Why others are wrong: B (Smallpox 'devastated' them.), C (Animals and diseases were also exchanged.), D (Horses helped Indigenous peoples too.).