5

Set 4: Inferences

Explanation

Answer: D

PASSAGE

During the 1918 influenza pandemic, cities that implemented early and aggressive social distancing measures—such as closing schools and banning public gatherings—experienced significantly lower death rates than cities that delayed action.

What does the historical evidence suggest?

A. Schools should remain open during pandemics.
B. All cities responded to the pandemic identically.
C. Social distancing had no impact on pandemic outcomes.
D. The timing and strictness of public health interventions can affect mortality.✓ Correct

Detailed Explanation

This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. 'Early and aggressive' measures led to 'significantly lower death rates'—timing and strictness mattered. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.

Key Evidence:

• "early and aggressive"

• "significantly lower death rates than cities that delayed"

Why others are wrong: A (Closing schools was effective.), B (Different responses produced different outcomes.), C (Lower death rates prove impact.).