Set 4: Inferences

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

Scientists studying the Arctic have found that polar bear skulls have become smaller over the past 30 years. The researchers correlate this change with reduced ice coverage, which has forced bears to swim longer distances and hunt less efficiently.

What can be inferred about the relationship between ice loss and polar bears?

A. Polar bears are thriving due to climate change.

B. Ice loss has no effect on polar bear populations.

C. Environmental changes may be affecting polar bear physical development.✓ Correct

D. Polar bears prefer swimming to walking on ice.

Detailed Explanation

This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. Smaller skulls correlate with ice loss and reduced hunting efficiency—environmental changes affecting physical traits. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.

Key Evidence:

• "skulls have become smaller"

• "correlate with reduced ice coverage"

Why others are wrong: A (Smaller skulls + less efficient hunting = not thriving.), B (Physical changes prove effects exist.), D (Forced to swim (not preference) implies stress.).

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