3

Set 1: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

Sociologist Max Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic—emphasizing diligence, frugality, and treating work as a calling—contributed to the rise of capitalism in Northern Europe. Later scholars have questioned this thesis, noting that capitalist practices existed in Catholic regions and that correlation between Protestantism and wealth may reflect other historical factors.

What epistemological issue does the scholarly debate illustrate?

A. Weber's thesis has been universally accepted without critique.
B. Establishing causation from historical correlations is methodologically challenging.✓ Correct
C. Religion has no connection to economic development.
D. Capitalism only existed in Protestant regions.

Detailed Explanation

Correlation may 'reflect other factors' = causation is difficult to establish from historical patterns.

Key Evidence:

• "correlation may reflect other historical factors"

• "capitalist practices existed in Catholic regions"

Why others are wrong: A ('Later scholars questioned' indicates critique.), C (Weber argued there was a connection.), D (It 'existed in Catholic regions' too.).

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