5

Set 5: Central Ideas (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

The following text describes the workings of mRNA vaccines. Traditional vaccines stimulate an immune response by introducing a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies. In contrast, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines teach our cells how to make a protein—or even just a piece of a protein—that triggers an immune response inside our bodies. That immune response, which produces antibodies, is what protects us if the real virus enters our bodies later.

How do mRNA vaccines differ from traditional vaccines?

A. They use live viruses to infect the patient✓ Correct
B. They instruct cells to produce a specific protein to trigger immunity
C. They are only effective against bacteria, not viruses
D. They take decades longer to develop

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. The text contrasts them: traditional use 'weakened germ,' whereas mRNA 'teach our cells how to make a protein... that triggers an immune response.'

Key Evidence:

• "teach our cells how to make a protein"

• "triggers an immune response"

Why others are wrong: A (Opposite (mRNA does not use the germ itself)), C (Inaccurate), D (Not mentioned).

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