3

Set 3: Central Ideas (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The following text describes Deontology. Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong. Deontology is often associated with philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant believed that ethical actions follow universal moral laws, such as 'Don't lie.' Unlike consequentialism, which judges actions by their results, deontology asserts that some actions are inherently wrong, regardless of their consequences. Thus, a deontologist would argue that lying is wrong even if it saves a life.

How does deontology differ from consequentialism?

A. Deontology focuses on the results of an action
B. Deontology focuses on adherence to moral rules, not outcomes✓ Correct
C. Deontology allows for lying if it leads to a good outcome
D. There is no significant difference between the two

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. The text states deontology 'uses rules' and 'asserts that some actions are inherently wrong, regardless of their consequences,' unlike consequentialism.

Key Evidence:

• "uses rules to distinguish right from wrong"

• "regardless of their consequences"

Why others are wrong: A (Describe consequentialism), C (Opposite (lying is wrong even if it saves a life)), D (Opposite).

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