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Set 1: Central Ideas (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: D

PASSAGE

The following text describes the concept of 'Soft Power'. Coined by political scientist Joseph Nye, 'soft power' is the ability to co-opt rather than coerce. It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. The primary currencies of soft power are an actor's culture, political values, and foreign policies. Unlike 'hard power,' which relies on military intervention or economic sanctions, soft power cultivates influence through shared values and legitimate authority.

How does 'soft power' differ from 'hard power' according to the text?

A. Soft power uses economic sanctions, while hard power uses military force
B. Soft power relies on attraction and culture, whereas hard power relies on coercion
C. Soft power is more effective than hard power in all situations
D. Soft power is a new concept that has replaced hard power entirely✓ Correct

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. Soft power matches 'appeal and attraction' and 'culture,' while hard power matches 'coerce' and 'military intervention.'

Key Evidence:

• "ability to co-opt rather than coerce"

• "shaping the preferences... through appeal and attraction"

• "hard power... relies on military intervention"

Why others are wrong: A (Inaccurate (economic sanctions are listed under hard power)), C (Not mentioned), D (Not mentioned).

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