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Set 1: Central Ideas (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

The following is an excerpt about the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. However, this economic progress came at a significant social cost, including poor working conditions, child labor, and unsanitary living environments in rapidly expanding urban centers.

Which choice best summarizes the dual nature of the Industrial Revolution described in the text?

A. It primarily benefited the wealthy elite while leaving the poor behind
B. It caused immediate population decline due to unsanitary conditions
C. It brought economic growth but also introduced severe social harms✓ Correct
D. It had little impact on the daily lives of average citizens

Detailed Explanation

Choice C is correct. The text contrasts 'unprecedented sustained growth' in income/population with 'significant social cost' like poor working conditions.

Key Evidence:

• "unprecedented sustained growth"

• "came at a significant social cost"

Why others are wrong: A (Too specific/Interpretive (Text focuses on general economic growth vs social cost)), B (Inaccurate (Text says population began to exhibit growth)), D (Opposite (Text says 'almost every aspect of daily life was influenced')).

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