10

Set 3: Central Ideas (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

The following text describes the 'Founder Effect' in biology. The founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. Because the founding group is small, it may not represent the full genetic diversity of the source population. Consequently, the new population may evolve to be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, and rare alleles (or genetic diseases) from the founders may becomes disproportionately common.

What is a likely consequence of the founder effect on a new population?

A. Increased genetic diversity compared to the original population
B. Complete immunity to all diseases
C. Decreased genetic variation and higher frequency of rare traits✓ Correct
D. Immediate extinction of the new group

Detailed Explanation

Choice C is correct. The text mentions 'loss of genetic variation' and that 'rare alleles... may becomes disproportionately common.'

Key Evidence:

• "loss of genetic variation"

• "rare alleles... may becomes disproportionately common"

Why others are wrong: A (Opposite), B (Not mentioned), D (Possible, but not the defining trait described).

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