Set 3: Inferences (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

Astronomers studying exoplanets—planets orbiting stars other than our sun—have identified thousands of candidates. Most detection methods favor finding large planets close to their stars, leading to a catalog rich in 'hot Jupiters' but potentially underrepresenting Earth-like worlds in habitable zones.

What can be inferred about current exoplanet detection?

A. Detection biases may skew our understanding of planetary populations.✓ Correct

B. All exoplanets discovered are habitable.

C. The catalog accurately represents the distribution of all planet types.

D. Earth-like planets are confirmed to be extremely rare.

Detailed Explanation

This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. Methods 'favor' certain types + 'underrepresenting' others = detection bias distorts our picture. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.

Key Evidence:

• "favor finding large planets close to their stars"

• "potentially underrepresenting Earth-like worlds"

Why others are wrong: B ('Hot Jupiters' are inhospitable.), C ('Underrepresenting' means inaccurate distribution.), D (Underrepresentation ≠ actual rarity.).