Set 5: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

CRISPR gene-editing technology allows precise modifications to DNA that could eliminate genetic diseases. However, 'germline' editing—changes that would be inherited by future generations—raises concerns because long-term effects cannot be fully predicted and future individuals cannot consent to modifications that will shape their biology.

What ethical principle underlies the concern about germline editing?

A. All genetic modifications are equally risky.

B. Gene editing has no potential benefits.

C. Decisions affecting future persons should consider their inability to consent and the uncertainty of consequences.✓ Correct

D. Future generations will have no ethical concerns.

Detailed Explanation

This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. 'Future individuals cannot consent' + 'effects cannot be fully predicted' = consent and uncertainty principles. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.

Key Evidence:

• "future individuals cannot consent"

• "long-term effects cannot be fully predicted"

Why others are wrong: A (Germline editing is specifically highlighted for inherited changes.), B (It 'could eliminate genetic diseases.'), D (The concern is precisely about ethics for future people.).