Set 4: Inferences (Advanced)
Explanation
PASSAGE
The search for a 'theory of everything' in physicsâunifying gravity with quantum mechanicsâhas produced promising candidates like string theory, which, however, require extra dimensions that cannot currently be detected and make no testable predictions distinguishing them from alternatives. Some physicists argue such theories are no longer science but metaphysics.
What criterion for scientific legitimacy is at issue in the debate?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. 'No testable predictions distinguishing them' = testability is the criterion questioned. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
⢠"make no testable predictions distinguishing them from alternatives"
Why others are wrong: A (String theory uses math; that's not the issue.), C (Publication status isn't discussed.), D (Elegance isn't the disputed criterion.).