3

Set 4: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The search for a 'theory of everything' in physics—unifying gravity with quantum mechanics—has produced promising candidates like string theory, which, however, require extra dimensions that cannot currently be detected and make no testable predictions distinguishing them from alternatives. Some physicists argue such theories are no longer science but metaphysics.

What criterion for scientific legitimacy is at issue in the debate?

A. Whether a theory uses mathematics.
B. Whether a theory generates testable, empirically distinguishable predictions.✓ Correct
C. Whether physicists find a theory elegant.
D. Whether a theory is published in journals.

Detailed Explanation

'No testable predictions distinguishing them' = testability is the criterion questioned.

Key Evidence:

• "make no testable predictions distinguishing them from alternatives"

Why others are wrong: A (String theory uses math; that's not the issue.), C (Elegance isn't the disputed criterion.), D (Publication status isn't discussed.).

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