2

Set 4: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

Studies of juries find that deliberation often amplifies initial tendencies—jurors who slightly lean toward conviction become more convinced after discussing with like-minded peers. This 'group polarization' effect suggests that collective deliberation does not necessarily moderate views but can reinforce and intensify them.

What assumption about group decision-making does the finding challenge?

A. Groups never reach decisions.
B. Deliberation inevitably produces compromise or moderation of initial positions.✓ Correct
C. Individual jurors have no initial opinions.
D. All jury decisions are perfectly balanced.

Detailed Explanation

'Does not necessarily moderate' but 'reinforce and intensify' = challenges assumption deliberation moderates.

Key Evidence:

• "deliberation does not necessarily moderate views but can reinforce and intensify them"

Why others are wrong: A (Groups do reach decisions—more extreme ones.), C ('Slightly lean' = initial opinions exist.), D (Polarization produces imbalance.).

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