6

Set 3: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The observer effect in quantum mechanics—where measurement affects what is measured—has philosophical implications beyond physics. Some interpret it as evidence that consciousness plays a fundamental role in reality; others argue measurement merely involves physical interaction independent of any observer's awareness. The data underdetermine which interpretation is correct.

What epistemological issue does the debate illustrate?

A. Scientific experiments always yield unambiguous philosophical conclusions.
B. Empirical evidence may be compatible with multiple philosophical interpretations.✓ Correct
C. All physicists agree consciousness is fundamental.
D. The observer effect has been definitively explained.

Detailed Explanation

'Data underdetermine which interpretation is correct' = same evidence, multiple compatible philosophies.

Key Evidence:

• "data underdetermine which interpretation is correct"

Why others are wrong: A (Multiple interpretations persist.), C ('Others argue' it's just physical interaction.), D (Interpretations are still debated.).

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