2

Set 2: Inferences (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The Fermi Paradox asks why, given the age and size of the universe, we haven't detected extraterrestrial civilizations. Proposed explanations range from the 'Great Filter'—suggesting extinction events prevent civilizations from becoming detectable—to the 'Zoo Hypothesis'—proposing advanced aliens deliberately avoid contact. Each solution remains speculative without empirical verification.

What does the variety of explanations suggest?

A. The paradox has been definitively resolved.
B. Multiple coherent hypotheses can exist when data are insufficient to discriminate between them.✓ Correct
C. Scientists have stopped investigating extraterrestrial life.
D. All explanations predict the same observable outcomes.

Detailed Explanation

Multiple 'speculative' solutions persist = insufficient data to choose among coherent alternatives.

Key Evidence:

• "explanations range from... to..."

• "each solution remains speculative without empirical verification"

Why others are wrong: A ('Speculative' means unresolved.), C (Ongoing proposals indicate continued investigation.), D (Different hypotheses make different assumptions about alien behavior.).

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