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Set 4: Cross-Text Connections

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

Text 1 The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and established the principle of state sovereignty. It is considered the foundation of the modern international system. Text 2 This Westphalian system assumes strict non-intervention in internal affairs. However, the rise of human rights law and the concept of 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) challenge this, arguing that sovereignty does not grant a state the right to massacre its own people.

How does Text 2 complicate the principle established in Text 1?

A. It introduces a moral obligation that supersedes absolute sovereignty in cases of atrocity.✓ Correct
B. It reinforces strict non-intervention.
C. It says the treaty was never signed.
D. It argues for more wars.

Detailed Explanation

Text 1: Sovereignty/Non-intervention. Text 2: Human rights/R2P challenge this. Complication: Sovereignty vs Human Rights.

Key Evidence:

• "sovereignty does not grant ... right to massacre"

• "challenge this"

Why others are wrong: B (Challenges it.), C (Foundation.), D (Protection.).

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