Set 4: Command of Evidence

Explanation

Answer: D

PASSAGE

The 'bystander effect' describes the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present. Psychologists explain this by 'diffusion of responsibility'—each person assumes someone else will act.

Which scenario best illustrates the bystander effect?

A. A person walking alone helps a stranger who falls.

B. In a crowded subway, no one helps a person who dropped their wallet.

C. A lifeguard saves a drowning swimmer.

D. A teacher comforts a crying student.✓ Correct

Detailed Explanation

This question requires you to identify evidence that supports a claim. The bystander effect requires 'other people present' and 'less likely to help.' A crowded subway with no one helping fits this exactly. The best evidence directly and explicitly supports the stated claim without requiring assumptions. Match specific textual details or data points to the claim being made. The correct answer provides clear, direct support. Strong evidence directly addresses the claim without requiring additional interpretation. When evaluating options, look for quotes or data that explicitly support the statement. Weak evidence may be tangentially related but doesn't provide direct proof.

Key Evidence:

• "less likely to help"

• "when other people are present"

Why others are wrong: A (The person is alone, so there are no bystanders.), B (This option is incorrect.), C (A lifeguard has explicit responsibility.).

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