9

Set 1: Command of Evidence (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

Utilitarianism, proposed by Bentham and Mill, argues that the best action is the one that maximizes overall 'utility' or happiness. Critics, however, argue that this can justify the mistreatment of minorities if it makes the majority happy.

What is the core ethical concern raised by critics of Utilitarianism?

A. It is too difficult to calculate happiness.
B. It might permit injustice against a few for the benefit of the many.
C. It places too much emphasis on religious rules.✓ Correct
D. It prioritizes individual rights over the common good.

Detailed Explanation

The critique is that it 'can justify the mistreatment of minorities' if the majority benefits. This aligns with Option B: injustice against a few for the benefit of the many.

Key Evidence:

• "justify the mistreatment of minorities"

• "makes the majority happy"

Why others are wrong: A (A valid critique, but not the one in the text.), C (Utilitarianism is secular.), D (Actually, it risks the opposite (ignoring individual rights).).

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