Set 1: Command of Evidence (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

Utilitarianism, proposed by Bentham and Mill, argues that the best action is the one that maximizes overall 'utility' or happiness. Critics, however, argue that this can justify the mistreatment of minorities if it makes the majority happy.

What is the core ethical concern raised by critics of Utilitarianism?

A. It is too difficult to calculate happiness.

B. It might permit injustice against a few for the benefit of the many.

C. It places too much emphasis on religious rules.✓ Correct

D. It prioritizes individual rights over the common good.

Detailed Explanation

This question requires you to identify evidence that supports a claim. The critique is that it 'can justify the mistreatment of minorities' if the majority benefits. This aligns with Option B: injustice against a few for the benefit of the many. The best evidence directly and explicitly supports the stated claim without requiring assumptions. Match specific textual details or data points to the claim being made. The correct answer provides clear, direct support. Strong evidence directly addresses the claim without requiring additional interpretation. When evaluating options, look for quotes or data that explicitly support the statement. Weak evidence may be tangentially related but doesn't provide direct proof.

Key Evidence:

• "justify the mistreatment of minorities"

• "makes the majority happy"

Why others are wrong: A (A valid critique, but not the one in the text.), B (This option is incorrect.), D (Actually, it risks the opposite (ignoring individual rights).).

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