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Set 4: Central Ideas (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

The following text describes the mechanism of Natural Selection. Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution. Individuals with traits that provide an advantage in their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation. Over time, this process can lead to the adaptation of populations to their environment and the emergence of new species.

What is the basis for natural selection according to the text?

A. Random genetic mutation without environmental pressure✓ Correct
B. Differences in survival and reproduction based on traits (phenotype)
C. The conscious choice of animals to change their habits
D. Intervention by humans in breeding programs

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. The text defines it as 'differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.'

Key Evidence:

• "differential survival and reproduction"

• "due to differences in phenotype"

Why others are wrong: A (Inaccurate (environment is key)), C (Inaccurate (not conscious choice)), D (Describes Artificial Selection).

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