4

Set 4: Central Ideas (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: C

PASSAGE

The following text discusses 'Social Contract Theory'. Social contract theory, explored by thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or tacitly, to surrender some of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the ruler or magistrate (or to the decision of a majority), in exchange for protection of their remaining rights and maintenance of social order. While Hobbes argued for an absolute sovereign to prevent the brutal 'state of nature,' Locke argued for a limited government that protects life, liberty, and property.

What is the fundamental exchange described in social contract theory?

A. Surrendering all property to the state for equal redistribution
B. Giving up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order
C. The government agreeing to pay citizens for their labor✓ Correct
D. Absolute submission to the church

Detailed Explanation

Choice B is correct. The text states individuals 'surrender some of their freedoms... in exchange for protection of their remaining rights and maintenance of social order.'

Key Evidence:

• "surrender some of their freedoms"

• "in exchange for protection... and social order"

Why others are wrong: A (Not mentioned (Marxism?)), C (Not mentioned), D (Not mentioned).