Set 3: Inferences (Intermediate)
Explanation
PASSAGE
In 'nudge' economics, policymakers design choices to steer people toward beneficial decisions without restricting freedom. For example, placing healthier foods at eye level in cafeterias increases their selection. Critics argue this approach is paternalistic, potentially manipulating people without their awareness.
What tension does the passage identify?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. Steers toward 'beneficial decisions' yet is 'paternalistic' and manipulative—benefit vs. autonomy tension. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
• "steer toward beneficial decisions"
• "paternalistic, manipulating without awareness"
Why others are wrong: B ('Increases selection' shows effect.), C (Critics call it paternalistic.), D ('Without restricting freedom' = not complete restriction.).