Set 5: Inferences (Advanced)
Explanation
PASSAGE
The anthropic principle notes that the physical constants of our universe permit life—if they were slightly different, we couldn't exist to observe them. Some interpret this as evidence of design; others argue it's a selection effect: of course we observe a life-permitting universe, since we couldn't exist in one that didn't permit life. Neither view is definitively testable.
What does the debate illustrate about interpreting evidence?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. Design vs. selection effect—same observation, different frameworks, 'neither definitively testable.' A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
• "Some interpret this as evidence of design; others argue it's a selection effect"
• "neither view is definitively testable"
Why others are wrong: B ('Neither view is definitively testable.'), C ('Slightly different' would prevent life.), D (There are competing interpretations.).