Set 3: Inferences (Advanced)
Explanation
PASSAGE
Studies of 'nudges'—small changes in how choices are presented—show that defaults powerfully shape behavior. Organ donation rates soar when people must opt out rather than opt in. Critics worry this manipulates citizens who don't understand how their choices are being influenced, even when outcomes seem beneficial.
What ethical tension does the passage identify?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. 'Manipulates citizens who don't understand' = effective but potentially compromising autonomy through hidden influence. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
• "manipulates citizens who don't understand how their choices are being influenced"
Why others are wrong: B (They 'don't understand.'), C (Critics are 'worried' = ethical concerns exist.), D ('Defaults powerfully shape behavior.').