Set 3: Inferences (Advanced)
Explanation
PASSAGE
The placebo effectâpatients improving when given inactive treatmentsâchallenges the biomedical model's assumption that therapeutic benefits require specific biochemical interventions. Brain imaging studies show placebo treatments can activate the same neural pathways as genuine drugs. This suggests the mind-body distinction underlying conventional medicine may be more porous than once assumed.
What conceptual challenge does the placebo effect pose?
Detailed Explanation
This question asks you to draw a logical conclusion from the text. 'Mind-body distinction may be more porous' + placebos activate 'same neural pathways' = distinction is overstated. A valid inference must be supported by evidence in the passage, even if not stated directly. Look for clues in the text that strongly suggest the answer. Avoid conclusions that require assumptions beyond what's written. Valid inferences are strongly supported by multiple pieces of evidence in the text. Be cautious of choices that go too far beyond what the passage actually states. The best inference is the one most directly supported by textual evidence.
Key Evidence:
⢠"mind-body distinction may be more porous than once assumed"
Why others are wrong: A (Patients improve; imaging shows neural activation.), C ('Brain imaging studies show' placebo effects.), D (Not claimedâplacebos work, not equally well.).