How should I approach this reading question type?

First, identify the core claim of the text. Look for transition words like 'however' or 'furthermore' which signal changes in the author's logic. Then, match the evidence directly to the options provided.

What is the common trap in wrong answers for this category?

The most common trap is 'extreme language' (e.g., 'always', 'never') or 'unsupported inferences' that go beyond what is explicitly stated in the provided text snippet.

Why is the correct answer better than the close alternatives?

The correct answer usually captures the most direct and necessary evidence from the text, whereas alternatives often focus on minor details or distort the author's primary subject.

Set 12: Form, Structure & Sense (Intermediate)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

Recent studies show that the bald eagle, once endangered due to pesticide use, has made a remarkable recovery. Conservation efforts _______ the banning of DDT contributed to the species' resurgence.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. including✓ Correct

B. that included

C. they included

D. to include

Detailed Answer Explanation

[Variation 1] This question tests your understanding of sentence function and text organization. The sentence needs a participial phrase to modify 'conservation efforts.' 'Including' is a present participle that correctly introduces additional information about the efforts. Each sentence in a well-constructed text serves a specific purpose. Consider what role this sentence plays in the argument: does it introduce, support, contrast, or conclude an idea? Understanding why an author includes specific sentences helps you grasp the overall argument. Each sentence should serve a clear purpose: introducing ideas, providing evidence, acknowledging counterarguments, or drawing conclusions. Identify the role to understand the structure.

Key Evidence:

• "Conservation efforts _______ the banning"

• "the species' resurgence"

Why others are wrong: C ('They included' creates a comma splice with an independent clause.), B ('That included' would need a relative clause structure; doesn't fit grammatically here.), D ('To include' suggests purpose, which doesn't make sense here.).

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