7

Set 15: Form, Structure & Sense

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

The constitution, ratified after months of heated debate, _______ a foundation for democratic governance that would endure for over two centuries.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. establishes
B. established✓ Correct
C. establishing
D. to establish

Detailed Answer Explanation

This question tests your understanding of sentence function and text organization. 'The constitution' is the subject, and the sentence describes a past event. 'Established' (past tense) is the main verb. Each sentence in a well-constructed text serves a specific purpose. Consider what role this sentence plays in the argument: does it introduce, support, contrast, or conclude an idea? Understanding why an author includes specific sentences helps you grasp the overall argument. Each sentence should serve a clear purpose: introducing ideas, providing evidence, acknowledging counterarguments, or drawing conclusions. Identify the role to understand the structure.

Key Evidence:

• "The constitution, ratified after months of heated debate"

• "would endure for over two centuries"

Why others are wrong: C ('Establishing' is a participle; the sentence needs a main verb.), A ('Establishes' is present tense; 'ratified' and 'would endure' indicate past.), D ('To establish' is an infinitive; the sentence needs a finite verb.).

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