How should I approach this reading question type?

First, identify the core claim of the text. Look for transition words like 'however' or 'furthermore' which signal changes in the author's logic. Then, match the evidence directly to the options provided.

What is the common trap in wrong answers for this category?

The most common trap is 'extreme language' (e.g., 'always', 'never') or 'unsupported inferences' that go beyond what is explicitly stated in the provided text snippet.

Why is the correct answer better than the close alternatives?

The correct answer usually captures the most direct and necessary evidence from the text, whereas alternatives often focus on minor details or distort the author's primary subject.

Set 1: Cross-Text Connections (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: B

PASSAGE

Text 1 Dark matter is hypothesized to constitute approximately 85% of the universe's matter. Its existence is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, such as the rotation speeds of galaxies, which often exceed what visible mass alone can explain. Text 2 Alternative definitions of gravity, such as MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics), propose that at low accelerations, gravity behaves differently than Newton or Einstein predicted. These theories attempt to explain galactic rotation curves without invoking unseen mass.

How does Text 2 present an alternative to the scientific consensus described in Text 1?

A. It suggests modifying physical laws rather than assuming the existence of undetectable matter.

B. It proves that dark matter is visible.✓ Correct

C. It argues that galaxies do not rotate.

D. It claims that gravity does not exist.

Detailed Answer Explanation

This question asks you to compare perspectives from two passages. Text 1: Dark Matter (Unseen mass) explains rotation. Text 2: MOND (Modified laws) explains rotation without mass. Alternative: Modify laws vs Add mass. Understanding how the authors relate to each other's views is essential. Identify whether they agree, disagree, or address different aspects of the topic. Focus on their specific claims and conclusions. When comparing texts, first identify each author's thesis or main argument. Then determine how these positions interact: do they complement each other, contradict each other, or address different aspects of the same issue? The relationship between texts reveals deeper meaning.

Key Evidence:

• "inferred from gravitational effects"

• "gravity behaves differently"

• "without invoking unseen mass"

Why others are wrong: B (Text 1 says inferred.), C (Explains rotation.), D (Modifies it.).