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Set 1: Command of Evidence (Advanced)

Explanation

Answer: A

PASSAGE

Data/Graph for question

A conservation biologist is presenting data on species extinction rates over historical time periods. The graph uses a logarithmic scale to show the dramatic increase in extinction rates.

Which conclusion is best supported by the data in the graph?

A. Species extinction is a natural process that has remained constant throughout history.✓ Correct
B. The rate of extinction has increased exponentially, especially in recent centuries.
C. Conservation efforts have successfully reduced extinction rates since 1900.
D. Most extinctions occurred before 1800 due to natural climate cycles.

Detailed Explanation

The logarithmic scale reveals an exponential increase in extinction rates. Before 1800: ~1 species/century. By 2000: ~100 species. Projected 2100: 1000+ species. This is a dramatic acceleration.

Key Evidence:

• "Logarithmic scale showing exponential growth"

• "Sharp rise in recent centuries"

Why others are wrong: A (The graph shows rates are increasing, not constant.), C (Rates continued to rise dramatically in the 20th century.), D (Most extinctions are recent and projected for the future.).

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