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Digital SAT Practice Test: Central Ideas (Set 10)

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Set 10: Central Ideas

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PASSAGEDunning-Kruger Effect (Scenario 3)

Researchers have observed that the following text describes a cognitive bias.

The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability. It is related to the cognitive bias of illusory superiority and comes from the inability of people to recognize their lack of ability. Without the self-awareness of metacognition, people cannot objectively evaluate their competence or incompetence. Conversely, highly competent individuals may erroneously assume that tasks easy for them are also easy for others.

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Which choice best explains the Dunning–Kruger effect based on the text?