The following text discusses philosophy of social science.
Critical realism attempts to navigate between positivist and interpretivist methodologies. Bhaskar argued for a stratified ontology distinguishing real mechanisms, actual events, and empirical observations. Social structures possess causal powers that may not be directly observable yet explain patterns in social life. This position claims to ground social scientific explanation in robust metaphysics while acknowledging the theory-laden and historically situated character of knowledge.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To explain critical realism as a mediating position in social science methodology
To provide statistical methods for social research
To argue that social science is impossible
To compare realist philosophers across different nations
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text explains critical realism as navigating between positivism and interpretivism, with stratified ontology and robust metaphysics.
- Evidence: The text explains the position: "Critical realism attempts to navigate between positivist and interpretivist methodologies." It elaborates: "Bhaskar argued for a stratified ontology... social structures possess causal powers."
- Reasoning: The passage introduces a methodological middle ground in social science and explains its philosophical basis.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to explain critical realism as a mediating position.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Between counting and understanding (Navigation). Layers of reality (Stratified ontology).
Choice B is incorrect because methods aren't provided. Choice C is incorrect because social science is grounded. Choice D is incorrect because nations aren't compared.