The following text discusses philosophy of religion.
Theological non-cognitivism holds that religious language doesn't make truth-apt claims about transcendent beings. On this view, religious statements express attitudes, commitments, or lived orientations rather than metaphysical beliefs. Logical positivists embraced this conclusion as critique; Wittgensteinian philosophers of religion sometimes adopt it more sympathetically, seeing religious practice as a distinct "language game." The debate reveals different conceptions of what religious discourse is for.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
It provides prayers and religious guidance.
It explains a view about religious language and notes different valuations of it.
It argues that all religions are false.
It compares religious practices across world cultures.
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text explains non-cognitivism and notes different valuations (critical positivists vs. sympathetic Wittgensteinians).
- Evidence: The text explains the view: "Theological non-cognitivism holds that religious language doesn't make truth-apt claims." It notes valuations: "Logical positivists embraced this conclusion as critique; Wittgensteinian philosophers... adopt it more sympathetically."
- Reasoning: The passage introduces a philosophical position about religious language and shows how different groups use it.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to explain view and note valuations.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Religion isn't about truth (Non-cognitivism). Bad! (Positivists) vs. Fine! (Wittgensteinians).
Choice A is incorrect because guidance isn't provided. Choice C is incorrect because truth isn't the frame; expression is. Choice D is incorrect because cultures aren't compared.