The following text discusses feminist epistemology.
Standpoint theory argues that marginalized positions can provide epistemic advantages for understanding social relations. Those experiencing oppression may perceive power structures invisible to dominant groups. Critics worry this privileges some perspectives as inherently more reliable, potentially undermining the universality of knowledge claims. Defenders distinguish between claiming privileged access to certain domains and claiming universal epistemic superiority.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To present standpoint theory and a debate about its implications
To argue that all knowledge is entirely subjective
To compare feminist theory across different countries
To provide guidelines for conducting social research
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text presents standpoint theory, notes criticisms (privileging perspectives), and defenders' responses.
- Evidence: The text presents the theory: "Standpoint theory argues that marginalized positions can provide epistemic advantages." It notes criticism: "Critics worry this privileges some perspectives." It notes response: "Defenders distinguish between claiming privileged access to certain domains and claiming universal epistemic superiority."
- Reasoning: The passage introduces a controversial epistemological view and the back-and-forth about it.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to present theory and debate.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Outsiders see more (Theory). Too privileged? (Critics). Domain vs. universal (Defense).
Choice B is incorrect because domain-specific advantages are distinguished from universal claims. Choice C is incorrect because countries aren't compared. Choice D is incorrect because research guidelines aren't provided.