The following text discusses philosophy of perception.
Disjunctivism proposes that veridical perception and hallucination are fundamentally different mental states despite phenomenological indistinguishability. In genuine perception, we are directly related to external objects; in hallucination, we merely seem to perceive. This rejects the traditional "common kind" assumption that same phenomenology implies same underlying mental state. Disjunctivism preserves naïve realism about perception but faces challenges explaining the subjective similarity of perception and hallucination.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
It provides detailed instructions for distinguishing perception from hallucination.
It explains a philosophical position and identifies both its appeal and a challenge it faces.
It argues that hallucinations are impossible.
It traces the historical development of perception studies.
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text explains disjunctivism, notes its appeal (preserving naïve realism), and identifies a challenge (explaining subjective similarity).
- Evidence: The text explains the position: "Disjunctivism proposes that veridical perception and hallucination are fundamentally different mental states." It notes appeal: "Disjunctivism preserves naïve realism." It identifies challenge: "faces challenges explaining the subjective similarity."
- Reasoning: The passage introduces a theory, says what it's good for, and says what it struggles with.
- Conclusion: This matches "explains a philosophical position and identifies both its appeal and a challenge."
💡 Strategy: Track the flow: Real vs. Hallucination are different (Theory). But they feel the same... (Challenge).
Choice A is incorrect because instructions aren't provided. Choice C is incorrect because hallucinations are acknowledged. Choice D is incorrect because history isn't traced.