The following text is from a cognitive science article.
The symbol-grounding problem asks how abstract symbols acquire meaningful reference to the world. A computer manipulating symbols according to formal rules need not understand what those symbols represent. Critics of strong AI argue this shows that computation alone cannot constitute genuine understanding. Defenders propose various grounding mechanisms—embodiment, interaction, simulation—that might bridge syntax and semantics.
Which choice best describes the function of the last sentence?
It provides detailed technical specifications for AI systems.
It notes proposed solutions to the problem described in the passage.
It contradicts the claim that symbol grounding is a genuine problem.
It introduces a new topic about internet search engines.
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The last sentence presents proposed solutions (embodiment, interaction, simulation) to the grounding problem.
- Evidence: The sentence states: "Defenders propose various grounding mechanisms—embodiment, interaction, simulation—that might bridge syntax and semantics."
- Reasoning: It offers the "defenders'" response to the "critics'" argument mentioned in the previous sentence.
- Conclusion: The function is to note proposed solutions.
💡 Strategy: Look for "Defenders propose... mechanisms."
Choice A is incorrect because specifications aren't given. Choice C is incorrect because the problem is accepted, and solutions are proposed. Choice D is incorrect because the topic continues.