The following text discusses quantum measurement.
The measurement problem in quantum mechanics concerns how definite outcomes emerge from superposed states. Before measurement, systems exist in superpositions of multiple states simultaneously; measurement appears to "collapse" this superposition to a single outcome. Various interpretations—Copenhagen, many-worlds, decoherence—offer radically different explanations of this transition. Remarkably, they make identical empirical predictions, leaving the choice between them to philosophical rather than experimental adjudication.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
It defines a theoretical problem, notes competing explanations, and observes their empirical equivalence.
It provides mathematical derivations of quantum equations.
It argues that the Copenhagen interpretation is definitively correct.
It traces the historical development of quantum theory chronologically.
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text defines the measurement problem, notes interpretations (Copenhagen, many-worlds, decoherence), and observes their identical empirical predictions.
- Evidence: The text defines the problem: "measurement problem... concerns how definite outcomes emerge." It lists interpretations: "Copenhagen, many-worlds, decoherence." It observes equivalence: "make identical empirical predictions."
- Reasoning: The passage outlines a scientific puzzle, lists proposed solutions, and notes why they are hard to test (empirical equivalence).
- Conclusion: This matches "defines a theoretical problem, notes competing explanations, and observes their empirical equivalence."
đź’ˇ Strategy: Track the structure: Problem -> Solutions -> But they look the same (Equivalence).
Choice B is incorrect because derivations aren't provided. Choice C is incorrect because no interpretation is favored. Choice D is incorrect because history isn't traced chronologically.