The following text discusses philosophy of biology.
The species concept remains surprisingly contentious among biologists. Reproductive isolation definitions work poorly for asexual organisms; morphological definitions invite subjective boundary-drawing; phylogenetic approaches face questions about where to cut trees. Pluralists argue that different species concepts are appropriate for different investigative purposes. This pragmatic resolution leaves some philosophers dissatisfied, preferring unified natural kinds to methodological convenience.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To provide a complete taxonomy of all biological species
To illustrate ongoing debates about how to define species
To argue that pluralism is definitively correct
To compare species diversity across different ecosystems
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text illustrates multiple species concepts and their problems, then notes pluralism and its philosophical critics—ongoing debate.
- Evidence: The text notes the problem: "The species concept remains surprisingly contentious." It lists failures: "Reproductive isolation... work poorly." It notes a solution: "Pluralists argue..." It notes remaining disagreement: "leaves some philosophers dissatisfied."
- Reasoning: The passage outlines a scientific definition problem, a proposed solution, and why that solution isn't fully accepted.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to illustrate ongoing debates.
đź’ˇ Strategy: Summarize: What is a species? Hard to say. Maybe many things? Some say no.
Choice A is incorrect because taxonomy isn't provided. Choice C is incorrect because pluralism is questioned by some. Choice D is incorrect because ecosystems aren't compared.