The following text is from an archaeology article.
Settlement pattern analysis examines spatial distributions of archaeological sites rather than individual excavations. Regional surveys reveal relationships between communities invisible from site-level data: trade networks, administrative hierarchies, demographic shifts over time. This macro-scale perspective complements but does not replace detailed excavation. Each approach answers different questions, and a comprehensive understanding requires methodological pluralism.
What is the primary purpose of the text?
To explain a methodology and its relation to other approaches
To provide specific findings from recent archaeological surveys
To argue that excavation is outdated and should be abandoned
To compare archaeological methods across different civilizations
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text explains settlement pattern analysis and notes how it complements (doesn't replace) excavation—methodological relationship.
- Evidence: The text explains the method: "examines spatial distributions... Regional surveys reveal relationships." It notes the relationship: "complements but does not replace detailed excavation." It concludes: "comprehensive understanding requires methodological pluralism."
- Reasoning: The passage defines a method and positions it relative to the standard method (excavation).
- Conclusion: The purpose is to explain methodology and relation.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Big Picture (Survey) + Small Picture (Excavation) = Good Science.
Choice B is incorrect because specific findings aren't provided. Choice C is incorrect because both methods are valued. Choice D is incorrect because civilizations aren't compared.