The following text discusses the philosophy of art.
Institutional theories define art by social context rather than intrinsic properties. An object becomes art when the "artworld"—museums, critics, artists—confers that status upon it. This explains how readymades and conceptual works qualify as art despite lacking traditional aesthetic features. Critics argue the theory is circular: what defines the artworld's authority if not prior aesthetic judgments? The debate reveals tensions between convention and essence in aesthetic ontology.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To argue that institutional theory is the only correct view of art
To explain institutional theory, note its strengths and a critique
To provide a complete history of art museums
To compare aesthetic theories across different cultures
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text explains institutional theory, notes its strength (explaining non-traditional art), and presents a critique (circularity).
- Evidence: The text explains the theory: "define art by social context." It notes strength: "explains how readymades... qualify." It notes critique: "Critics argue the theory is circular."
- Reasoning: The passage outlines a definition, shows why it's useful, and then shows why it's problematic.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to explain theory, strength, and critique.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Art is what we say it is (Theory) -> Good for Duchamp (Strength) -> But why do we say it? (Critique).
Choice A is incorrect because criticism is included. Choice C is incorrect because museum history isn't provided. Choice D is incorrect because cultures aren't compared.