The following text discusses cultural relativism.
Cultural relativism—the view that beliefs and practices must be understood within their cultural contexts—has been both liberating and controversial. It has challenged ethnocentric judgments and promoted cross-cultural understanding. However, taken to extremes, it seems to preclude any moral criticism across cultural boundaries, including of practices widely considered harmful. Navigating between ethnocentric arrogance and relativistic paralysis remains a central challenge for moral philosophy.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To definitively establish cultural relativism as the correct ethical position
To present cultural relativism's contributions and complications
To compare ethical systems across major world religions
To provide guidelines for appropriate cross-cultural interaction
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text presents contributions (challenged ethnocentrism) and complications (precluding moral criticism, harmful practices).
- Evidence: The text notes contributions: "challenged ethnocentric judgments." It notes complications: "However... seems to preclude any moral criticism," "harmful practices."
- Reasoning: The passage offers a balanced view of a philosophical position, showing both its utility and its danger.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to present contributions and complications.
💡 Strategy: Summarize: Good (Understanding) vs. Bad (Can't criticize Nazis).
Choice A is incorrect because problems are acknowledged. Choice C is incorrect because religions aren't compared. Choice D is incorrect because guidelines aren't provided.