The following text is from a philosophy article.
Utilitarianism judges actions by their consequences: the morally right action produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Critics argue this approach can justify troubling outcomes—sacrificing one person to save five, for instance. Proponents respond that refined versions of the theory incorporate protections against such scenarios. The debate remains central to contemporary moral philosophy.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
It explains a theory, presents objections, and notes responses.
It provides a detailed biography of utilitarian philosophers.
It argues definitively that utilitarianism is correct.
It traces the historical origins of consequentialist ethics.
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text explains utilitarianism, presents critic objections (sacrificing one for five), and notes proponents' responses.
- Evidence: The text defines the theory: "greatest good for the greatest number." It presents objections: "Critics argue..." It notes responses: "Proponents respond..."
- Reasoning: The structure is a classic debate format: Theory -> Critique -> Defense.
- Conclusion: This matches "explains a theory, presents objections, and notes responses."
đź’ˇ Strategy: Identify the three parties: The Theory, The Critics, and The Proponents.
Choice B is incorrect because no biographies are provided. Choice C is incorrect because the text is balanced, not argumentative. Choice D is incorrect because historical origins aren't traced.