The following text discusses urban ecology.
Cities are increasingly being studied as distinct ecosystems with unique characteristics. Urban heat islands create microclimates warmer than surrounding rural areas. Artificial lighting disrupts natural cycles for nocturnal species. Yet urban environments also provide unexpected benefits: reduced predation and abundant food sources have allowed some species to thrive.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To argue that cities are too hostile for wildlife
To present both challenges and opportunities of urban ecosystems
To compare wildlife populations in different cities
To explain how to create wildlife-friendly urban spaces
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text presents challenges (heat islands, light disruption) and opportunities (reduced predation, food) for wildlife in cities.
- Evidence: The text lists negatives: "heat islands," "Artificial lighting disrupts." It then pivots with "Yet" to list positives: "reduced predation," "abundant food."
- Reasoning: The structure balances negative aspects with positive ones.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to present both sides (challenges and opportunities).
💡 Strategy: Identify the pivot word "Yet" which signals the shift from challenges to benefits.
Choice A is incorrect because "unexpected benefits" contradict hostility. Choice C is incorrect because specific cities aren't compared. Choice D is incorrect because no creation guidelines are provided.