The following text is from a health article.
Sleep deprivation affects both physical and mental health. Insufficient sleep weakens the immune system, making people more susceptible to illness. Cognitive functions also suffer, with impaired attention and memory. Studies link chronic sleep loss to increased risks of heart disease, diabetes, and depression.
Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?
It makes a claim and supports it with specific effects.
It compares different sleep disorders and their treatments.
It provides tips for improving sleep quality.
It questions the importance of eight hours of sleep.
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text claims sleep deprivation affects health, then lists specific effects: immune weakness, cognitive issues, and disease risks.
- Evidence: The first sentence makes the claim: "affects both physical and mental health." Subsequent sentences list details: "weakens the immune system," "Cognitive functions also suffer," "increased risks of heart disease."
- Reasoning: The structure is General Claim -> Specific Supporting Details.
- Conclusion: This matches "makes a claim and supports it."
💡 Strategy: Identify the main idea in sentence 1 and see how the rest provides the proof.
Choice B is incorrect because sleep disorders aren't compared. Choice C is incorrect because no improvement tips are given. Choice D is incorrect because sleep importance is affirmed, not questioned.