The following text is from a psychology article.
The "bystander effect" refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help someone in distress when other people are present. Researchers Darley and Latané first documented this effect after the 1964 murder of Kitty Genovese. They proposed that the presence of others creates a "diffusion of responsibility"—each person assumes someone else will take action.
What is the main purpose of the text?
To criticize people who don't help others in emergencies
To describe a psychological phenomenon and explain its cause
To provide safety tips for emergency situations
To argue for changes in how bystanders are trained
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. The text defines the bystander effect, provides its origin, and explains its cause (diffusion of responsibility).
- Evidence: The text defines "bystander effect" (phenomenon). It mentions Darley and Latané (origin). It explains "diffusion of responsibility" (cause).
- Reasoning: The passage is informative, aiming to define and explain a specific concept.
- Conclusion: The purpose is to describe and explain the phenomenon.
💡 Strategy: Look for the definition and the explanation of "why" it happens.
Choice A is incorrect because no criticism is expressed. Choice C is incorrect because no safety tips are provided. Choice D is incorrect because no training changes are proposed.