A student researching philosophy has taken notes:
• Utilitarianism judges actions by their consequences • It aims to maximize overall happiness or wellbeing • Critics argue it could justify harming minorities for majority benefit • Deontological ethics focuses on duties rather than outcomes • Real ethical decisions often blend multiple frameworks
The student wants to explain a key criticism of utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism judges actions primarily by their consequences.
A key criticism of utilitarianism is that maximizing overall happiness could theoretically justify harming minorities if it benefits the majority.
Deontological ethics focuses on moral duties rather than outcomes.
Real ethical decisions often blend elements of multiple frameworks.
Correct Answer: B
Choice B. Justifying harm to minorities for majority benefit is the key criticism.