A student researching biomimicry has taken notes:
• Biomimicry applies nature's designs to human engineering • Velcro was inspired by burrs that stuck to dog fur • Bullet train noses mimic kingfisher beaks to reduce noise • Shark skin patterns inform drag-reducing surfaces • Nature has 3.8 billion years of evolutionary R&D
The student wants to explain why engineers study nature.
Velcro was invented after observing burrs stuck to dog fur.
Engineers study nature because evolution has refined efficient designs over 3.8 billion years—from kingfisher-inspired trains to shark-informed surfaces.
Bullet train noses were designed to mimic kingfisher beaks.
Shark skin patterns have informed the creation of drag-reducing surfaces.
Correct Answer: B
Choice B. 3.8 billion years of refined designs with examples explains why engineers study nature.