Richard Thaler's 'nudge theory' proposes that small changes in choice architecture—like making healthy foods more visible—can influence behavior without restricting options. Libertarian paternalism preserves freedom while guiding people toward better choices. Critics argue that what counts as a 'better' choice involves value judgments that shouldn't be made by policy designers. Who decides what outcomes to nudge toward, and by what authority?
The passage suggests that
policy interventions framed as neutral may involve normative assumptions requiring justification
nudge theory has faced no criticism or objections
choice architecture has no effect on behavior
libertarian paternalism restricts all individual choices
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The critics' questions reveal hidden value judgments in seemingly neutral interventions.
- Context clues: Critics argue "'better' choice involves value judgments"; "who decides" and "by what authority?"
- Meaning: Questions about deciding what's better reveal normative assumptions underlying nudges.
- Verify: The challenge shows supposedly neutral design choices contain embedded values.
💡 Strategy: Critical questions in a passage often point to underlying assumptions being challenged.
Choice B is incorrect because "critics argue" shows objections exist. Choice C is incorrect because nudges "can influence behavior." Choice D is incorrect because it "preserves freedom" and doesn't restrict options.