Extended cognition proposes that cognitive processes can extend beyond the brain into the environment. If a person with Alzheimer's relies on a notebook the way others rely on memory, isn't the notebook part of their cognitive system? Critics argue there's a meaningful boundary between internal representation and external tools—consultation and use differ from the causal integration of neural processes. Defenders respond that the boundary is arbitrary; what matters is functional contribution to cognition, not location.
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that
everyone agrees cognitive processes must be located in the brain
notebooks are universally considered parts of cognitive systems
where we draw the boundaries of cognitive systems may depend on whether we prioritize location or function
extended cognition has no defenders
Correct Answer: C
Choice C is the best answer. Critics emphasize location; defenders emphasize function.
- Context clues: Critics stress the boundary between internal and external; defenders say "what matters is functional contribution...not location."
- Meaning: Boundary-drawing depends on which criterion you prioritize.
- Verify: The disagreement is precisely about location versus function.
đź’ˇ Strategy: When disputes hinge on which criterion is prioritized, infer criteria-dependent conclusions.
Choice A is incorrect because extended cognition challenges this view. Choice B is incorrect because critics reject including notebooks. Choice D is incorrect because defenders offer arguments for the position.