The problem of universals asks how different things can share the same property. Realists posit that properties like 'redness' exist as abstract universals that particular red things instantiate. Nominalists deny universals exist; only particulars exist, and we apply common names by resemblance or convention. Trope theorists offer a middle way: each instance of redness is a particular 'trope,' and similarity between tropes explains common properties without abstract universals.
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that
all philosophers agree that abstract universals exist
philosophical problems may generate multiple theoretical approaches, each with distinctive commitments
nominalism and realism are identical positions
trope theory eliminates all talk of similarity
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. One problem generates realism, nominalism, and trope theory.
- Context clues: Three distinct approaches to the same problem, each with different commitments.
- Meaning: A single problem can motivate multiple theoretical responses.
- Verify: Realists, nominalists, and trope theorists all address universals differently.
💡 Strategy: When a problem generates multiple competing solutions, infer theoretical pluralism.
Choice A is incorrect because nominalists "deny universals exist." Choice C is incorrect because they're contrasted as different positions. Choice D is incorrect because trope theory uses "similarity between tropes" as explanatory.