Implicit bias tests measure response-time differences that may reveal unconscious associations. Research shows that most people, regardless of stated beliefs, show faster associations between positive words and dominant groups. Critics question whether these response-time differences predict discriminatory behavior; some meta-analyses find weak correlations. Defenders argue the tests reveal pervasive cultural associations, even if behavior depends on additional factors like situational context and motivations.
It can be inferred from the text that
stated beliefs always predict behavior perfectly
implicit bias tests have no critics
cultural associations are never unconsciously held
the relationship between unconscious associations and overt behavior may be complex
Correct Answer: D
Choice D is the best answer. Associations exist but behavior depends on additional factors.
- Context clues: Weak correlations between bias measures and behavior; behavior depends on "additional factors."
- Meaning: Having an unconscious association doesn't straightforwardly determine action.
- Verify: The interplay of associations, context, and motivation suggests complexity.
💡 Strategy: When simple relationships are complicated by additional factors, infer complexity.
Choice A is incorrect because people show associations regardless of "stated beliefs." Choice B is incorrect because critics are explicitly discussed. Choice C is incorrect because tests "reveal pervasive cultural associations."